Stay tuned for more informative articles. We can also write the programs used in this article with exception handling using python try except to make the programs more robust and handle errors in a systematic way. In this article, we have seen how to merge dictionaries in python using different methods. In this method too, when the dictionaries to be merged have common keys, the values for the respective keys will be taken from the dictionaries which come last in the sequence while merging. Also, none of the original dictionaries which have to be merged are modified. We can merge any number of dictionaries at once using ** operator. To merge the dictionaries, we will pop the items from a dictionary using the popitem() method and will keep adding it to another dictionary. How to Merge Two Dictionaries in Python Using the Double Asterisk Operator ( ) You can use the double asterisk (also called double star) operator ( ) to 'unpack' and merge the key and value pairs of two or more dictionaries into a variable. When invoked on a dictionary the popitem() method deletes the most recently added item in the dictionary and returns the item in the form of a tuple as key value pair. The popitem() method is used to delete an item from a python dictionary. Update d1- dictionary with key-value pairs from d1 and. If both dictionaries have common keys, then the final output using this method will contain the value of the second dictionary. Here, we also use the for loop to iterate through the dictionary items and merge them to get the final output. Merge dictionaries using popitem() method. Example 1:Merging two dictionaries d1,d2 having unique keys using the update() method. We can combine two dictionaries in python using dictionary comprehension. Also only the first dictionary, to which the items are being added gets modified and nothing happens to the second dictionary. In this program, we have used the operator to pass all the key-value pairs of both the dictionaries one by one in the new dictionary. You can merge two dictionaries by iterating over the key-value pairs of the second dictionary with the first one. While using the above method, we have to consider the point that if there are common keys between the two dictionaries, the final dictionary will have common keys with values from the second dictionary from which we have extracted the items.
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